;This is a simple boot sector that will load either MS-DOS or PC-DOS. It is not
;self-reproducing, but it will be used as the foundation on which to build a
;virus into a boot sector.
;This segment is where the first operating system file (IBMBIO.COM or IO.SYS)
;will be loaded and executed from. We don't know (or care) what is there, but
;we do need the address to jump to defined in a separate segment so we can
;execute a far jump to it.
DOS_LOAD SEGMENT AT 0070H
ASSUME CS:DOS_LOAD
ORG 0
LOAD: DB 0 ;Start of the first operating system program
DOS_LOAD ENDS
MAIN SEGMENT BYTE
ASSUME CS:MAIN,DS:MAIN,SS:NOTHING
;This jump instruction is just here so we can compile this program as a COM
;file. It is never actually executed, and never becomes a part of the boot
;sector. Only the 512 bytes after the address 7C00 in this file become part of
;the boot sector.
ORG 100H
START: jmp BOOTSEC
;The following two definitions are BIOS RAM bytes which contain information
;about the number and type of disk drives in the computer. These are needed by
;the virus to decide on where to look to find drives to infect. They are not
;normally needed by an ordinary boot sector.
;
; ORG 0410H
;
;SYSTEM_INFO: DB ? ;System info byte: Take bits 6 & 7 and add 1 to get number of
; ;disk drives on this system (eg 01 = 2 drives)
;
; ORG 0475H
;
;HD_COUNT: DB ? ;Number of hard drives in the system
;
;This area is reserved for loading the first sector of the root directory, when
;checking for the existence of system files and loading the first system file.
ORG 0500H
DISK_BUF: DW ? ;Start of the buffer
;Here is the start of the boot sector code. This is the chunk we will take out
;of the compiled COM file and put it in the first sector on a 360K floppy disk.
;Note that this MUST be loaded onto a 360K floppy to work, because the
;parameters in the data area that follow are set up to work only with a 360K
;disk!
ORG 7C00H
BOOTSEC: JMP BOOT ;Jump to start of boot sector code
ORG 7C03H ;This is needed because the jump will get coded as 2 bytes
DOS_ID: DB 'EZBOOT ' ;Name of this boot sector (8 bytes)
SEC_SIZE: DW 200H ;Size of a sector, in bytes
SECS_PER_CLUST: DB 02 ;Number of sectors in a cluster
FAT_START: DW 1 ;Starting sector for the first File Allocation Table (FAT)
FAT_COUNT: DB 2 ;Number of FATs on this disk
ROOT_ENTRIES: DW 70H ;Number of root directory entries
SEC_COUNT: DW 2D0H ;Total number of sectors on this disk
DISK_ID: DB 0FDH ;Disk type code (This is 360KB)
SECS_PER_FAT: DW 2 ;Number of sectors per FAT
SECS_PER_TRK: DW 9 ;Sectors per track for this drive
HEADS: DW 2 ;Number of heads (sides) on this drive
HIDDEN_SECS: DW 0 ;Number of hidden sectors on the disk
DSKBASETBL:
DB 0 ;Specify byte 1: step rate time, head unload time
DB 0 ;Specify byte 2: Head load time, DMA mode
DB 0 ;Wait time until motor turned off, in clock ticks
DB 0 ;Bytes per sector (0=128, 1=256, 2=512, 3=1024)
DB 12H ;Last sector number (we make it large enough to handle 1.2/1.44 MB floppies)
DB 0 ;Gap length between sectors for r/w operations, in bytes
DB 0 ;Data transfer length when sector length not specified
DB 0 ;Gap length between sectors for format operations, in bytes
DB 0 ;Value stored in newly formatted sectors
DB 1 ;Head settle time, in milliseconds (we set it small to speed operations)
DB 0 ;Motor startup time, in 1/8 seconds
HEAD: DB 0 ;Current head to read from (scratch area used by boot sector)
;Here is the start of the boot sector code
BOOT: CLI ;interrupts off
XOR AX,AX ;prepare to set up segments
MOV ES,AX ;set ES=0
MOV SS,AX ;start stack at 0000:7C00
MOV SP,OFFSET BOOTSEC
MOV BX,1EH*4 ;get address of disk
LDS SI,SS:[BX] ;param table in ds:si
PUSH DS
PUSH SI ;save that address
PUSH SS
PUSH BX ;and its address
MOV DI,OFFSET DSKBASETBL ;and update default
MOV CX,11 ;values to the table stored here
CLD ;direction flag cleared
DFLT1: LODSB
CMP BYTE PTR ES:[DI],0 ;anything non-zero
JNZ SHORT DFLT2 ;is not a default, so don't save it
STOSB ;else put default value in place
JMP SHORT DFLT3 ;and go on to next
DFLT2: INC DI
DFLT3: LOOP DFLT1 ;and loop until cx=0
MOV AL,AH ;set ax=0
MOV DS,AX ;set ds=0 so we can set disk tbl
MOV WORD PTR [BX+2],AX ;to @DSKBASETBL (ax=0 here)
MOV WORD PTR [BX],OFFSET DSKBASETBL ;ok, done
STI ;now turn interrupts on
INT 13H ;and reset disk drive system
ERROR1: JC ERROR1 ;if an error, hang the machine
;Here we look at the first file on the disk to see if it is the first MS-DOS or
;PC-DOS system file, IO.SYS or IBMBIO.COM, respectively.
LOOK_SYS:
MOV AL,BYTE PTR [FAT_COUNT] ;get fats per disk
XOR AH,AH
MUL WORD PTR [SECS_PER_FAT] ;multiply by sectors per fat
ADD AX,WORD PTR [HIDDEN_SECS] ;add hidden sectors
ADD AX,WORD PTR [FAT_START] ;add starting fat sector
PUSH AX
MOV WORD PTR [DOS_ID],AX ;root dir, save it
MOV AX,20H ;dir entry size
MUL WORD PTR [ROOT_ENTRIES] ;dir size in ax
MOV BX,WORD PTR [SEC_SIZE] ;sector size
ADD AX,BX ;add one sector
DEC AX ;decrement by 1
DIV BX ;ax=# sectors in root dir
ADD WORD PTR [DOS_ID],AX ;DOS_ID=start of data
MOV BX,OFFSET DISK_BUF ;set up disk read buffer at 0000:0500
POP AX
CALL CONVERT ;and go convert sequential sector number to bios data
MOV AL,1 ;prepare for a disk read for 1 sector
CALL READ_DISK ;go read it
MOV DI,BX ;compare first file on disk with
MOV CX,11 ;required file name
MOV SI,OFFSET SYSFILE_1 ;of first system file for PC DOS
REPZ CMPSB
JZ SYSTEM_THERE ;ok, found it, go load it
MOV DI,BX ;compare first file with
MOV CX,11 ;required file name
MOV SI,OFFSET SYSFILE_2 ;of first system file for MS DOS
REPZ CMPSB
ERROR2: JNZ ERROR2 ;not the same - an error, so hang the machine
;Ok, system file is there, so load it
SYSTEM_THERE:
MOV AX,WORD PTR [DISK_BUF+1CH] ;get file size of IBMBIO.COM/IO.SYS
XOR DX,DX
DIV WORD PTR [SEC_SIZE] ;and divide by sector size
INC AL ;ax=number of sectors to read
MOV BP,AX ;store that number in BP
MOV AX,WORD PTR [DOS_ID] ;get sector number of start of data
PUSH AX
MOV BX,700H ;set disk read buffer to 0000:0700
RD_BOOT1: MOV AX,WORD PTR [DOS_ID] ;and get sector to read
CALL CONVERT ;convert to bios Trk/Cyl/Sec info
MOV AL,1 ;read one sector
CALL READ_DISK ;go read the disk
SUB BP,1 ;subtract 1 from number of sectors to read
JZ DO_BOOT ;and quit if we're done
ADD WORD PTR [DOS_ID],1 ;add sectors read to sector to read
ADD BX,WORD PTR [SEC_SIZE] ;and update buffer address
JMP RD_BOOT1 ;then go for another
;Ok, the first system file has been read in, now transfer control to it
DO_BOOT:
MOV CH,BYTE PTR [DISK_ID] ;Put drive type in ch
MOV DL,BYTE PTR [DRIVE] ;Drive number in dl
POP BX
JMP FAR PTR LOAD ;and transfer control to the first system file
;Convert sequential sector number in ax to BIOS Track, Head, Sector information.
;Save track number in DX, sector number in CH,
CONVERT:
XOR DX,DX
DIV WORD PTR [SECS_PER_TRK] ;divide ax by sectors per track
INC DL ;dl=sector number to start read on, al=track/head count
MOV CH,DL ;save it here
XOR DX,DX
DIV WORD PTR [HEADS] ;divide ax by head count
MOV BYTE PTR [HEAD],DL ;dl=head number, save it
MOV DX,AX ;ax=track number, save it in dx
RET
;Read the disk for the number of sectors in al, into the buffer es:bx, using
;the track number in DX, the head number at HEAD, and the sector
;number at CH.
READ_DISK:
MOV AH,2 ;read disk command
MOV CL,6 ;shift possible upper 2 bits of track number to
SHL DH,CL ;the high bits in dh
OR DH,CH ;and put sector number in the low 6 bits
MOV CX,DX
XCHG CH,CL ;ch (0-5) = sector, cl, ch (6-7) = track
MOV DL,BYTE PTR [DRIVE] ;get drive number from here
MOV DH,BYTE PTR [HEAD] ;and head number from here
INT 13H ;go read the disk
ERROR3: JC ERROR3 ;hang in case of an error
RET
;Move data that doesn't change from this boot sector to the one read in at
;DISK_BUF. That includes everything but the DRIVE ID (at offset 7DFDH) and
;the data area at the beginning of the boot sector.
MOVE_DATA:
MOV SI,OFFSET DSKBASETBL ;Move all of the boot sector code after the data area
MOV DI,OFFSET DISK_BUF + (OFFSET DSKBASETBL - OFFSET BOOTSEC)
MOV CX,OFFSET DRIVE - OFFSET DSKBASETBL
REP MOVSB
MOV SI,OFFSET BOOTSEC ;Move the initial jump and the sector ID
MOV DI,OFFSET DISK_BUF
MOV CX,11
REP MOVSB
RET
SYSFILE_1: DB 'IBMBIO COM' ;PC DOS System file
SYSFILE_2: DB 'IO SYS' ;MS DOS System file
ORG 7DFDH
DRIVE: DB 0 ;Drive number, used in disk reads, etc.
BOOT_ID: DW 0AA55H ;Boot sector ID word
MAIN ENDS
END START
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